Conventions

This document details the key conventions used in DeepMIMO.

Cartesian Coordinate System

The coordinate system follows:

• Origin (0,0,0) is typically at the center of the ground plane
• X and Y axes lie in the ground plane
• Z axis points upward
• Ground plane is at z=0
• Buildings and structures have positive z coordinates
• Ground plane is modeled as infinitesimally thin

Angle Conventions

Angles follow the spherical system conventions, see Spherical Coordinate System.

Additionally, all angles are in degrees (not radians)

• Azimuth angle (φ):
• 0° points along positive x-axis
• Increases counter-clockwise (looking from above, right-hand rule) in x-y plane

• Range: [0°, 360°)

• Elevation angle (θ):

• 0° points along positive z-axis
• 90° is in x-y plane
• Range: [0°, 180°)

Array Elements and Channel Indexing

When specifying array dimensions, elements are indexed and grow as follows:

• For 2D arrays, elements grow first along X (horizontal) then Y (vertical)
• Channel matrices use a flattened representation of the array elements
• For an MxN array, element (i,j) maps to index i*N + j in the flattened channel